Yep, fruit fructose...
I mentioned Fructose Malabsorption as a possibility mostly for information to all who read.
I don't think that's the cause for you.
Spreading them out will help - drinking 2 quarts on an empty stomach can be cause for your situation.
While it's ideal to have green smoothies on their own, you can drink them with other food if need be.
Just avoid having them with foods high in fat and complex carbohydrates. Whatever you do, don't have coffee with it.

I really think not drinking so much at a time will help you.
Also, if you are so inclined, you can try adding banana to your smoothie - while they are good for sweetness and balance they also have a quality for "binding".
Fantastic recipe by the way...
I don't see too many with arugula which happens to be one of my favorite greens.